“studies suggest that the true rate of fraud among published studies lies somewhere between 0.01% and 0.4%”. Even 0.4% seems drastically too low—perhaps 10 times too low. I’d be curious to see the source for this claim. An analysis by Elizabeth Bik and others found problematic image duplication in 3.8% of studies. Some of that may have been accidental, but I suspect most were intentional fraud. If ~3.8% percent of papers have this one specific type of fraud, that suggests an even larger percentage contain fraud in general. It’s extremely hard to know, though. I doubt it’s over 10% but I could easily see it being 5%, which is obviously still a massive problem.
That makes sense, thank you.
“studies suggest that the true rate of fraud among published studies lies somewhere between 0.01% and 0.4%”. Even 0.4% seems drastically too low—perhaps 10 times too low. I’d be curious to see the source for this claim. An analysis by Elizabeth Bik and others found problematic image duplication in 3.8% of studies. Some of that may have been accidental, but I suspect most were intentional fraud. If ~3.8% percent of papers have this one specific type of fraud, that suggests an even larger percentage contain fraud in general. It’s extremely hard to know, though. I doubt it’s over 10% but I could easily see it being 5%, which is obviously still a massive problem.